The Human Biology in Medical Field

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Television has become a very popular entertainment source community. Tv viewing habits are not confined to certain age groups, including children. But apparently, the habit of watching tv in a long time have a negative impact on eye health, especially in children.

Television emits blue rays that are harmful to children. Blue light causes degeneration (damage) of the retina. There are two things that affect the amount of blue light received by the child, the duration of watching television in one day and the distance while watching tv.

Research results revealed that the longer the time to watch tv, the lower the score function of the retina. The eyes of children are particularly vulnerable due to blue light, because their lens are relatively clear so it can not absorb blue light maximally. They concluded that the longer total time spent Recommended for watching television per day is 60 minutes for children aged 6-9 years, and 90 minutes for children aged 9-13 years.

In addition, television viewing distance also affects the function of the retina of children. Although not statistically significant, there is a tendency that the closer the distance to watch tv, the retinal function scores decreased. Therefore, researchers recommend to watch television in a distance more than 4 feet, because children who watch TV with a distance of more than 4 m have a better score of retinal function. However, eye damage associated with viewing distance and size of the tv needs to be further investigated.

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Biotransformation using bacteria from the skin of blueberries produced blueberry juice that has a role as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetic. Research conducted at the University de Montral, the Institut Armand-Frappier and the University de Moncton published in International Journal of Obesity, comparing the effect of biotransformation of blueberry juice with regular blueberry drink in rats.

‘The results of this study indicate that blueberry juice biotrasnformasi have extraordinary effects as an anti-obesity and anti-diabetes,’ said senior author Pierre S. Haddad, a professor of pharmacology in the Faculty of Medicine, University de Montral’s. ‘Biotransformation of blueberry juice may be developed into therapeutic agents given the properties that can reduce the conditions of hyperglycemia in rats with diabetes and can protect young mice from obesity and diabetes.

The researchers tested the effects of blueberry juice transformation into a group of mice prone to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension. Giving transformation blueberry juice may reduce food intake and their weight. ‘Rat is the best model is close to the case of obesity and obesity associated with type 2 diabetes in humans,’ said dr. Haddad, director of the CIHR Team in Aboriginal Anti-Diabetic Medicines University de Montral.

Biotransformation blueberry juice is done by adding strains of bacteria isolated from the flora of blueberry, or called Serratia vaccinii that can enhance the effect of antioxidant blueberries. Consumption of blueberry juice that is fermented on a regular basis can significantly reduce high blood pressure and blood glucose levels in mice. After three days, the mice glucose levels fell to 35%.

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Not only in the elderly. Babies can also suffer from glaucoma. The disease was suffered due to congenital abnormalities in the form of interference on the channel system of fluid secretion in the eye. As a result, there is increased pressure within the eyeball. The condition is called congenital glaucoma. What are the signs?

The most obvious sign, eye ball looks bigger than normal size. Another sign, the cornea is very white color and large size. If not treated immediately, will be enlarged eyeball. That’s what makes the baby suffered blindness. For that case, the eyes of the blind should be taken first.

After that, in patients with eye prosthesis can be installed. Furthermore, the artificial eye fitted to stimulate bone growth in the eye socket / orbital, retaining the socket, and prop the eyelid. Using the prosthesis did not make the patient could see again. Patients will still be blind, but in cosmetics resemble the normal eye. Indeed, the shape and size of the artificial eye is not as perfect as the original. At least, the patient is so confident because despite having a false eye.

Conversely, if not installed prostheses, eye ball size will appear smaller than the next. This makes the eyelid down and the gap between the eyelid look smaller. In addition, the upper eyelids look more sunken, orbita was shrinking. As well, eyelashes will get into the eye.

Rachel added, artificial eyes made of acrylic or plastic material polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The material is formed in such a way. The front becomes convex, while the rear concave.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive loss of peripheral vision and trouble seeing at night (nyctalopia) that can continue to develop into a central vision loss. 

Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) should perform routine eye examination every year to monitor the field of view. With a routine examination as well, both physicians and patients to know whether progression-trip walk fast or slow.

Medical experts recommend a balanced food intake with green leafy vegetables is sufficient. Until now there is no proof that certain foods can lead to improvement or deterioration.

Retinitis pigmentosa Patients are advised to not be too often exposed by the light that is too strong because it can cause worsening damage to the retina. The use of sunglasses that can absorb UV light is recommended for patients with retinitis pigmentosa if they want to go out of the room.

Consumption of anti-oxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C is also said to help reduce the progression of this disease. Consumption of anti-oxidants are required in high doses and should be consumed with doctor’s supervision. The administration of vitamin A can reach 15000-25000 IU per day, vitamin E 800 IU per day, and vitamin C 1000 mg/day.

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The new study found that women who eat fish regularly have a lower risk of suffering from Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or macular degeneration – (macula is the center of the retina and is the most vital part of the retina,-Red) related to age. Age-related macular degeneration is a disease associated with aging (the elderly), which gradually destroy the sharpnes at central vision. The researchers note that about 9 million U.S. adults over the age of 40 has undergone several stages of Age-related macular degeneration. Most of them suffered early stage disease, while 1.7 million of them have undergone more advanced disease stages that lead to a fatal loss of vision.

In this study, researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchooldiBoston collected data from 38,022 women, which was never diagnosed with Age-related macular degeneration. One author, William G. Christen, said that their observation data is still in a random test, so it needs further confirmation.

“But the message which want to be taken already seen a simple and strong,” Christen added. “Fish oil, namely Omega-3 fatty acids which found in fish, has long been considered to protect the body from heart disease also have significant benefits in primary prevention of Age-related macular degeneration among women who are not detected or not detected early signs of disease , and Age-related macular degeneration has not been diagnosed with the disease. “he continued.

This study examined the eating habits of the participants, including omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6, the data collected and monitored their eye health to 10 years. As a result, women who eat lots of Omega-3 fatty acids have 38 percent lower risk of developing Age-related macular degeneration than those who eat less Omega-3 fatty acids.

By eating fish as much as one or more of the week 42 percent lower risk of Age-related macular degeneration compared to those affected by eating one serving of fish a month. Christen said that lower risk is apparently caused by eating tuna and dark-meat fish. In addition, researchers also found a suggestion that higher consumption of one omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid) actually possible to increase the risk of Age-related macular degeneration, but the researchers did not examine it further.

The study, published online in the March 14 edition of Archives of Ophthalmology is very surprising but it helps the doctors. Because until now, no method is recognized to slow the occurrence of AMD for those who do not have the disease or who just showed the first symptom, in addition to advising patients not to smoke. This research will also appear on the Journal Archives of Ophthalmology in print in this June.

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Not everyone can enjoy a delicious cold drinks and ice cream, even if they may tend to avoid. The reason? Tooth feels very stiff on contact with water ice cold. In some people, teeth may also feel pain when exposed to wind, or when exposed to acidic foods. This is often considered trivial, and patients rarely come to the dentist to fix because they assume this is not a serious health problem. Though this problem deserves attention and not be left alone, hoping it would disappear by itself.

Actually the term is not very precise tooth hypersensitivity. In dentistry, this phenomenon is known as dentine hipersensitivity. Not every sense of pain caused by hypersensitivity. Caries (cavities) that reached the dentin can also cause the sensation of pain when teeth come into contact with food / drink cold or sweet and sour. Besides it can also because of tooth fracture, secondary caries that occur under fillings.

In order to understand the mechanism of tooth hypersensitivity, we should see more anatomy of teeth. Teeth consist of layers. Outer tooth structure is the hardest, called email. Email can be hard because it is composed of hydroxy apatite crystals. Under the emails contained dentin layer consisting of tubule or pores, and is much softer than email. Dentine adjacent to the pulp chamber that contains the nerve fibers. The tip of these nerve fibers is located at the tip of the dentine tubule. If there is a stimulus, nerve fibers located in the dentin tubule tip will be stimulated, then arises the sense of pain. Examples of this stimuli such as thermal stimulation (heat / cold), especially cold. Teeth can also become hypersensitive after whitening procedures dental / dental bleaching.

A moment of sharp pain in the teeth is absolutely no dental caries or other abnormalities are characteristic of dentin hypersensitivity. Typically, the areas most frequently experience hypersensitivity is a tooth neck area, especially on the surface of the teeth facing the lips. As seen in the picture above, the dentine in the tooth neck is thinner. In areas not covered with a layer of roots email. So when an email in the neck area experiencing tooth abrasion, dentin will open automatically and can lead to dentine hypersensitivity.

Calculus / tartar accumulate initially in the neck area of teeth and gums over time can be a recession / decline as more and more buildup of calculus. After scaling (tartar cleaning), usually a tooth ache, because the root surface that had been closed by now tartar and dentin into the open net.
Dentine hypersensitivity can also occur in a physiological (natural), namely the elderly in which the gums are generally declining or gingival recession. Gingival recession is increasing with age.

It can be seen in the figure, the surface of the gums which should cover the roots decreased so that the root is open. Teeth so looks as if it is longer.

Prevention of dentine hypersensitivity

Raw foods such erosive nature of acid fruits, fruit juices are acidic, and alcoholic beverages play a role in dentine hypersensitivity. Arising from the stomach acid in people with digestive problems are also prone to having dentine hypersensitivity. In addition, brushing with abrasive toothpaste can also mengabrasi dentin surface in the neck area of teeth. Therefore, it is not advisable to brush your teeth immediately after consuming food / drink acid to reduce the damaging effects of acid and abrasion. Should be given the lag time between 2-3 hours. Brushing teeth is also not necessary with excessive pressure and do the vertical direction from top to bottom.

Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity

Treatment of dentine hypersensitivity can be done at home or by a dentist in the practice.

* Treatment at home

Patients can reduce dentine hypersensitivity in a house with a toothpaste and mouthwash containing certain active ingredients. Most of the desensitization of toothpaste on the market today contain potassium salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, or potassium citrate. Consumers demanded keen in selecting material toothpaste that claims to reduce tooth hypersensitivity. Has done studies that tested the effectiveness of toothpastes containing potassium citrate. Potassium ions are believed to diffuse into the dentin tubule and reduces the likelihood terstimulasinya nerves, so that dentine hypersensitivity is reduced.

Many toothpastes that also contain other active ingredients such as fluoride and antiplak material. Topical fluoride application to make a barrier on the tooth surface with the formation of precipitates of calcium fluoride (CaF2) so that the dentin tubule closed. The result can be reduced dentin hypersensitivity.

How to brush your teeth also noteworthy. Most people rinse his mouth after brushing your teeth. Actually gargle-gargle do not need too much because gargle with water can cause the active ingredient to be dissolved and cast out of his mouth so that the effectiveness of the toothpaste to be reduced.

* Treatment by a dentist

To reduce dentine hypersensitivity, desensitization dentist applying materials that aim to close the dentinal tubule, thereby reducing hypersensitivity. Such materials may contain fluoride, or potassium nitrate, or other active ingredients. However, desensitization agents usually do not last too long, the effect is only temporary.
Besides it can also be treated by using adhesive materials, including varnish, or the dentin that open at the neck and roots of teeth covered with patchwork materials.

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Check Urine, Blood Pressure and Creatinine prior to Age 40

Hypertension or high blood pressure experienced by elderly people plural. The aging process resulting in decreased function of organs, including blood vessels. However, a study said, the teen also was not spared from hypertension.

Cases of hypertension in adolescents as much as 459 children of school age (6-24 years) men and women involved. As many as 32 percent of children have blood urine (haematuria). The cause of infection and malanutrisi.

Malanutrisi in infancy is often not realized. The amount of energy needed for growth is high. In fact, adolescents, especially young women, to limit ourselves in consuming food.

For pursing the problem, data from selected studies girls aged less than 12 years who have not menstruating. As a result, 30 percent of respondents experienced piss blood. ‘Before menstruation, the possibility malanutrisi smaller.

Samples taken before menstruation to ensure that the blood in the urine is not menstrual blood. Explained specialist in internal medicine, the emergence of blood in the urine indicates a urinary tract abnormalities.

Examination resumed in checking blood pressure. Apparently, there are three people who had hypertension and 12 prehypertension. Supposedly, the teenager did not have prehypertension. Because kidney and heart function is still optimal, adolescent blood pressure in the range of 120/80 mmHg.

Dealing with pediatric patients who will undergo dental treatment is a challenge for the dentist, but sometimes serve the elderly patients are even more difficult.

Most children feel anxious and fearful when the dentist. Let alone to be patched or checked, sitting in the dental unit was already rejected. Why does the child behave that way? It is often because parents (especially the mother) own showing excessive anxiety in front of children, may never feel the unpleasant experience of the dentist in the past. Behaviour parents like this make the child who was not afraid to be worried. Parents also sometimes over-react on the expression of children while being examined teeth, where the reaction actually makes children grow afraid.

Other cases are also often happens is that parents want to be beside her when she was treated by a dentist. The presence of parents in the dentist’s room is quite helpful, especially if the child has difficulty communicating, such as children with Down syndrome or other mental disabilities. But in a normal child, parents do not have to always be there for the child especially if the child is entering school age and able to communicate well. Communication between pediatric patients with the dentist should be well maintained for dental treatment can be successful, unfortunately parents are not aware even an impediment.

In conclusion, dig as much information to your dentist before treatment begins. Then when the dentist started to work, let the children be independent and care entrusted to your dentist. Child dental care can be handled by a general dentist, but it’s good if handled by a specialist dentist child’s teeth, a more controlled method of approach and communication with pediatric patients.

Although impressed trivial, bloating often makes the sufferer feel disturbed. These conditions triggered the excess gas that is trapped in the digestive tract. The causes vary, including the consumption of certain foods.

According, Nutritionists high-fiber foods contain a lot of gas and can lead to bloating. Fiber foods are ‘good’ for the good bacteria in the body. When we eat a lot of fibrous material, good bacteria in the body also gets the food supply. ‘When the bacterial process food, they also produce gas, so the amount of gas in the digestive ride,’ he explained.

He tells us, there are two types of fiber. Namely, the fiber is not soluble in water are preferred good bacteria. Among these, cassava leaves, corn, and jackfruit. In addition, the fiber types are involved expediting the process of bowel movements and not infrequently result in bloating.

Well, the water-soluble fiber is the type of seaweed and processed products, wheat, pumpkins, tomatoes, papaya, and dragon fruit. These fibers join to function suppress cholesterol.