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What is conjunctivitis?

The conjunctiva is a clear, thin membrane which stretches between your eyelid and your eye. It is what prevents contact lenses from being lost behind a wearers eyeball. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of this membrane. There are three major types of conjunctivitis: viral, bacterial and allergic. This article will discuss these three types of conjunctivitis and explain how they may be treated.

What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis / how do you diagnose conjunctivitis?

You may have conjunctivitis if you experience any of the following symptoms:

Itchiness Redness Sensitivity to light Swelling of your eyelids

 

If you experience any of the above symptoms of conjunctivitis you should stop wearing your contact lenses immediately. Wearing contact lenses whilst suffering from conjunctivitis can cause damage to the cornea of your eye so please make sure you don’t take any unnecessary risks by continuing to wear your contact lenses.

If you consider any of your symptoms severe you should book an appointment to see your GP / Optician. When you visit your GP / Optician, he / she will carefully examine your eyes and check for swelling or tenderness around your jaw and ears. Your GP / Optician may also take a sample of liquid from your eyes in order to test what types of infection is present.

How do you treat the different forms of conjunctivitis?

Viral conjunctivitis eventually goes away on its own, even if it isn’t treated. Your GP / Optician may however prescribe eye drops to help to manage your symptoms. Antihistamine pills may also help to relieve the itchiness. Viral conjunctivitis usually gets worse for around a week after the first symptoms. It usually gets better after between ten days and a month.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eye drops. These eye-drops help to wash your eyes gently. Bacterial conjunctivitis normally improves in less than two days after antibiotic eye-drops are first used. If after three days of applying antibiotic drops to your eyes the conjunctivitis has not cleared up then you should book an appointment with your GP / Optician.

Allergic conjunctivitis should be treated by first ensuring you are no longer exposed to the allergen. Once this is achieved, the symptoms should reduce naturally. Antihistamine tablets or certain eye drops may sometimes be prescribed to speed up the process.

Is there anything I can do to reduce the chances of getting conjunctivitis?

There are a few precautionary steps that contact lens wearers can take to reduce the chances of getting conjunctivitis. Please always:

Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly Avoid excessively rubbing your eyes Avoid sharing eye makeup or cosmetics Do not share towels or washcloths with others

 

By following the advice above you should reduce the risk of catching conjunctivitis. However, if you do think you are suffering from conjunctivitis and it is not clearing up then it is essential that you stop wearing your contact lenses and visit your GP / Optician.

How Liposuction Works

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How Liposuction Works

By: victoria julee
Posted: Feb 08, 2011

Liposuction which is also called Lipoplasty is a surgical way of removing fat cells from various parts of the body including abdomen, thighs, buttocks, hips, back, inner thighs amongst others through a stainless steel suction tube. It is a procedure which was first performed in 1974 by two Italian American surgeons working in Italy. Since then it has undergone tremendous improvements and its popularity has increased manifold. The improvements have resulted in less blood loss, less risk and less pain making it more convenient. Most often, liposuction is performed on the abdomen and thighs in women, and the abdomen and flanks in men. According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, liposuction was the most common plastic surgery procedure performed in 2006 with 403,684 patients.

This process which is considered reasonably safe is subjected to certain age restrictions.  A person should be over 18 years of age along with a healthy physique. Certain medical conditions can make this operation unsuccessful. This process is ideal for physically fit people and non smokers. Some of the surgeons disregard this age limit and perform the operation on teen agers and older people too. However it is not well suited for them. Because the skin of older people is not very elastic hence it makes it difficult to tighten around a new shape.

The stainless tube referred above is called cannula. The technique or process of liposuction is categorized by the amount of fluid injection and by the mechanism cannula works. Five major’s techniques are in use which involve varying amounts of fluid injection. The dry liposuction method does not use any fluid injection while the other methods: Wet liposuction, Super-wet liposuction, tumescent liposuction and Laser assisted liposuction (LAL) contain fluid injection. Similarly there are seven different mechanisms by which cannula are used. These are Suction-assisted liposuction, Ultrasound-assisted liposuction, Power-assisted liposuction, Twin-cannula (assisted) liposuction, External ultrasound-assisted liposuction, Water-assisted liposuction and Sutures.
Certain factors are to be must considered before starting this operation. An antibiotic will be given about an hour beforehand, or afterwards. The targeted areas are marked on the body while the candidate is in a standing position. To analyze the difference between a people’s before and after, pictures of the treated areas are usually taken. Great attention should be paid to the choice of anesthetic; it can be either local or general. The patient can usually stand up and make slight movements if he does not receive general anesthesia. There should be some monitoring devices attached to the patient’s body to keep measure of the blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen level.

The recovery of the patient is based on the extent of liposuction. Greater the volume of fat removed in one session, greater will be the surgical risks. The recovery period in general lies somewhere between two to fourteen days. Depending on the procedure a patient can begin normal routine in days even. Swelling, bruising and other side effects will gradually subside.

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Liposuction – New York City

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Home Page > Beauty > Cosmetics > Liposuction – New York City

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Liposuction – New York City

By: Eduardo Ramirez
Posted: Mar 01, 2011

Male Liposuction

 

Liposuction particularly in the abdominal area, just like women, men want fantastic body delineation.  The inspiration of male body outline is flat, sculpted abdomen, with broad, strong shoulders and full, sculpted chest.  Either due to heredity or getting older, some men still have pouches of fat such as a pot belly and/or love handles even though engage on a nourishing diet and exercise that will definitely help and should be part of your daily routine for health and longevity.  Liposuction – new york city for men can do away with these unwanted areas of isolated fat; getting rid of those fat cells permanently.  

 

It is a cosmetic process executed to take away unnecessary fat with a number of available state-of-the-art tools which is integrated into the procedure.  Your surgeon visualizes it as creative sculpting of the male body and not just for fat removal. 

 

It can facilitate to polish the forms and mold the spots where men have a tendency to pile up the most excess fat.  These areas are the legs, arms, and abdomen.  It can also be completed on the face and neck to develop these areas, too.

 

To set up the precise areas and level of liposuction you will need in order to achieve your desired results, a private consultation with your board certified plastic surgeon will help you both identify your aesthetic goals.  Your surgeon will also advise the best mechanism suitable to your desires and your bodily condition.

 

The fat that is to be removed can be positioned into areas requiring volume enrichment or outlining, such as, the face, hands, chest or buttocks.  Current technologies permit the fat to be gathered more easily and this “liquid gold” fat has a much smoother reliability for placement.  Several men choose to have their own fat applied in these areas rather than have it be thrown away.

 

Candidates for Male Liposuction

 

Adult men who have useless fatty buildups on their bodies regardless of good eating habits and an active lifestyle will yield best results and is most appropriate for Liposuction – new york city.   Those patients who have admirable skin tone will also benefit on the procedure.   Patients must know that the procedure is not deliberately for weight loss.  Before the procedure, your weight must be close or on the ideal weight according to your age.   

 

Liposuction is a means to do away with stubborn fat on discrete areas that are still intact regardless of good habit—not an approach to “lose weight.”   As recommended by your physician, you must live a healthy way of life because it will give you the most excellent post-operative results.  For sure, fat cells taken away from liposuction are permanent.  However, there may be some fat cells left behind.  These fat cells can still grow in size and will surely find a middle ground on the results if your weight increases.   For that reason, the extremely fundamental way of getting the most out of liposuction procedure and maintaining it is through healthy diet and exercise program. 

 

Male Liposuction – New York City is carried out according to your needs and aesthetic goals and also be done on one or more areas of the body during the operation.  It can be performed to almost anywhere you have fat cells buildups.  Most patients opt to have liposuction on subject areas such as the abdomen, waist, and upper and/or lower back and thighs.  Because of its adaptability and high rate of patient fulfillment, liposuction is one of the most frequently sought-after measures.  In the early 1980s, male liposuction has been practiced by surgeons since it was first introduced. 

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Senile cataracts are a visual impairment brought about by the gradual and progressive thickening of the ocular lens which leads to the loss of lens’ transparency, slowly diminishing a person’s ability to see clearly. The term ‘senile’ is often used simply because this disease primarily affects aging people usually in the age group, 50 and above. Cataract is characterized by the opacification of the ocular lens which can be seen as a cloudy appearance of the lens, usually yellowish or brownish in color. A person affected with cataracts may also have noticeable brownish tinted vision. Other symptoms would include blurriness of vision glare sensitivity, problems with night vision, double vision or multiple images in one eye, accompanied by the need for frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription strength.

In the U.S. alone, at least 300, 000 – 400, 000 new cataract cases occur annually. This disease is a common cause of blindness in elderly people when not treated. A comprehensive eye examination which includes visual acuity test (vision exam at various distances), dilated eye exam and tonometry (measurement of the pressure inside the eye) is needed to detect cataracts. The most common treatment is surgery in which the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens called intraocular lens (IOL). Intraocular lens is a clear plastic lens which can focus light clearly on to the retina once again. Cataract surgery is not totally without risk however, as opacification of the posterior lens capsule occurs in 30-50% of patients within 2 years of surgical cataract removal and require secondary laser treatment; further 0.8% experience retinal detachments, approximately 1% are re-hospitalized for corneal problems, and about 0.1% develop endophthalmitis.

The use of Can-CÂ? eye drops containing this unique purity of, N-Acetylcarnosine, in safely managing cataract is a major advancement in the medical world. For the first time, cataract can now be effectively reversed without having to resort to the risks of eye surgery.

N-Acetylcarnosine or NAC is a molecule that’s found naturally in the human body. Its parent compound, carnosine, can be naturally found in foods and in human cells. Carnosine is found primarily in the tissues of the heart, skeletal muscles, the brain and in and throughout eye. This natural di-peptide (two amino acids linked together) acts as an antioxidant and as an inhibitor of the body’s glycation process which is a degenerative chemical process that contributes to aging throughout the body. As we age our natural carnosine levels decreases which leave the eye vulnerable to ocular disease such as cataracts. Unfortunately oral consumption of carnosine rich foods or supplements is not bioavailable to the eyes and so restoring these levels systemically is not reliable.

In Russia, where carnosine deficiency in the eyes was first discovered as a fundamental precursor to ocular disease, the use of topical N-acetylcarnosine; to effectively address cataracts in the form of Can-CÂ? eye drops was established.
In 2001, Can-CÂ? eye drops were trialed in a; double blind, placebo based, human study for a period of 6 months. The impressive results showed that 90% had visual acuity improvement, 88.9% had glare sensitivity improvement and 41.5 % had an improvement in the transmissivity of the lens.

With the market release of the product by Innovative Visions Product (IVP), 7 years ago, thousands of people affected with senile cataracts have reported vast improvement in their vision after applying Can-CÂ? cataract eye drops for a period of 6-12 months.

Dr. Mark Babizhayev, MA, PhD, the principal researcher in the development of Can-CÂ? eye drops cautions consumers before purchasing any eye drops containing N-acetylcarnosine to look for the words, “Approved by Innovative Vision Products” on the label. This is your assurance that the product contains the proprietary purity of raw material and is the formula that was proven to have long-term efficacy in clinical trials.

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With the invention of Femtosecond Laser, there has been a complete break through to the treatment of Keratoconus and corneal grafting.

Keratoconus is a disease of cornea in which cornea does not have normal curvature but it is conical. This is either congenital or induced by some surgical procedure on the cornea. Normally occurs in young patients. Patient complaints either of recurrent change of glasses and poor vision even with glasses or contact lenses. Now with the help of Femtosecond Laser we can implant corneal rings. INTACS and can make the corneal curvature to normal. It is absolutely non surgical procedure, and takes only 10-15 min. for each eye. It is extremely safe and effective.

Corneal grafting has been a surgical procedure till now, but with the help of Femtosecond Laser we can do grafting as a non surgical procedure. So it is extremely safe and the chances of graft failure are reduced tremendously.

Other most commonly used procedure with Femtosecond Laser is Blade Free Lasik. It is also called I-Lasik. So with this laser, lasik has become complication free, accurate, reproducible and the quality of vision is enormous.

Sardana Eye Institute is Equipped with World’s Most Advanced & Best Technology, Intra lase -Femtosecond Laser, approved by FDA of AMO/ABBOTT. Ongoing investment in the most sophisticated laser eye surgery technology, combined with a commitment to the highest levels of patient care, ensure that Sardana Eye Institute continues to live up to its reputation as the leading provider of first – class lasik laser eye treatment in Delhi.

Sardana Eye Institute is known for its excellence in ophthalmic services with personalized care. Sardana Eye Institute is world renowned for its work and contribution in Cataract Eye Surgery, Spectacles Removal Surgery, Oculoplastic & Vitreo-Retinal problems, blade free lasik surgery, laser vision correction.

The Institute is committed to providing the State of the Art Technology in Lasik Eye Care Treatment, for excellence patient satisfaction. We Offer Specialist Eye Treatment Services in Delhi like LASIK, Zyoptix, & Blade-Free Lasik - Laser surgery for Removal of spectacles with State of Art Technology, Cataract Surgery - Micro incision Phaco Surgery with State of Art Technology, Implantable Contact Lens, laser vision correction surgery, Squint Retina Detachment Surgery, Advanced Vitreo-Retinal Surgery, Diabetic Retinopathy, Age Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma Treatment, Oculoplastic Surgery. Sardana Eye Institute  is committed to provide the State of the Art Technology in Eye care Treatment, for excellence patient satisfaction. Since 1994, we have helped enhance the lives of thousands of people who have chosen us to Eye care service

Found these guys about a week apart in the house and gave them the boot the Wolf spider made the arena in the week between… not sure if the went their own ways or the Wolf spider got the Trap Door they took their fight inside.
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Blade-Free LASIK

Definition: Blade-free Laser Assisted In-Situ Keratomileusis, or LASIK, is a refractive surgery procedure which uses the excimer laser, applied to the cornea under a thin flap of corneal tissue, to help which correct refractive error, decreasing or eliminating the need for glasses or contact lenses. With Blade-free LASIK, a laser is used for all portions of the procedure.

How Does LASIK Work?

LASIK surgery works by sculpting the cornea in a precise manner to correct refractive errorBy changing the corneal shape, light becomes focused on the retina, allowing clear vision. During LASIK surgery, a very thin flap is created on the front of the cornea. The flap is then folded back, and the laser applied to the underlying corneal tissue in a precise manner that can correct nearsightedness, farsightedness and/or astigmatism. The flap is then replaced, protecting the reshaped cornea underneath. This protective flap can be created in two ways. In the first, a very fine surgical steel blade, called a microkeratome is used to create the flap. With Blade-free LASIK, a laser beam is used to create the corneal flap. Several laser technologies can be used to create the Blade-free LASIK flap. One of the most common such lasers is the Intralase laser.

What is the advantage of Blade-free LASIK surgery?

Several clinical studies suggest that regardless of whether the LASIK flap is created with a blade (microkeratome) or created with a laser (Blade-free LASIK), the visual outcome is excellent. There does not seem to be a significant advantage of one way of cutting the flap versus the other in regards to the vision obtained after the surgery. However, Blade-free LASIK may offer a small advantage of safety over LASIK in which a blade is used the cut the flap. Very rarely, when a blade makes the flap, the flap can be made irregularly, having a tattered edge or perhaps a buttonhole in the center. This may occur if the blade (microkeratome) comes loose from the eye during its cutting pass. With a laser created flap in Blade-free LASIK, this risk of an irregular flap may be smaller. If the laser becomes detached from the eye during the cutting pass, unlike the blade, the laser can be reattached and the pass started over in most cases. As such, a portion of flap related complications may be avoided with the Blade-free LASIK technique. Regardless of which technology is used to make the flap, though, the risk of any problem with cutting the flap during the surgery is very small.

Who are candidates for Blade-free LASIK surgery?

Blade-free LASIK surgery helps correct the vision of people with myopia, hyperopia, and/or astigmatism. In fact, a large majority of people who wear glasses or contacts and suffer from such refractive errorsas these could be candidates for LASIK surgery other excimer laser refractive surgery such as PRK.

In general, candidates for Blade-free LASIK should be:

* 21 years of age or older: younger people may still have eyes that are growing. In certain cases, individuals younger than 21 may have LASIK surgery.
There is no upper age limit for LASIK.
* Dissatisfied with wearing glasses or contact lenses.
* Have had no change in glasses or contact lens prescription for at least a year.
* Have otherwise healthy eyes.
* Be willing to accept a small amount of risk associated with surgery.
* Understand that glasses and/or contacts are occasionally still needed for some activities after surgery.
* Not have excessively thin corneas or extremely high levels of refractive error. Your doctor will test for these conditions on your evaluation exam.

These conditions may prevent you from undergoing Blade-free LASIK. You should alert your eye surgeon if you have one or more of these conditions so that he or she can help you make the best choice about undergoing refractive surgery.

 

 

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Eye Surgery

Corneal Transplant Surgery India offers information on Corneal Transplant Surgery in India, Corneal Transplant Surgery cost India, Corneal Transplant Surgery hospital in India, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad & Bangalore, Corneal Transplant Surgeon in India

India Surgery Cornea Transplant,Cornea Transplant, India Transplant Surgery, India Eye Information, Corneal Grafting, Penetrating Keratoplasty, Cornea Transplant Surgical Procedure, Transplant Of Cornea, Cornea Transplant Surgery, India Corneal Transplant Surgery The cornea is the tissue on the very front of the eye. It is clear and covers the iris and pupil. It works with the lens to provide focusing power to the eye. If the cornea becomes opaque, swollen, or scarred, vision is compromised. Medication to control the damage to the cornea is usually the first line of treatment, but once it is clear that medication will not halt or alter the damage, a corneal transplant is considered. This surgical procedure involves the removal of the damaged tissue and replacement with a healthy, donated human cornea.

Because this procedure is a transplant of foreign tissue into the eye, rejection of the tissue by the immune system of the recipient is the greatest risk. However, drugs can be used to hold back the rejection reaction both before it occurs and even after the fact. Despite the availability of immunosuppressive drugs, the rejection rate for corneal transplants remains between 5 to 30% of the time.

What are the most common benefits of this surgery?

What will happen at the initial consultation?

How is the procedure performed?

How long does the surgery take?

Where will the procedure be performed?

How much pain is there?

What can I expect after the procedure?

What is the recovery period like?

What is the long-term outcome like for most people?

Ideal Candidate

Other important information

Risks and Limitations

Cost

Questions to ask your doctor

What are the most common benefits of this surgery?

The transplanted tissue will enable the patient to regain much of the eyesight lost by the condition which damaged the patient’s own cornea. The surgery can also eliminate symptoms due to the corneal condition. Because this procedure is performed only after medicines and other treatments have failed, it is the final method of providing relatively normal eyesight to someone having serious vision problems due to damage to their cornea.

What will happen at the initial consultation?

Once your ophthalmologist have determined you need a corneal transplant he or she will perform a full physical to determine whether you have any conditions or are taking any medications that might affect the surgery. He or she will then arrange for you to be put on the list of persons waiting for corneal transplant tissue. At We Care India partner Eye Hospital, your connea transplant will be done immediately, with no wait list.

How is the procedure performed?

The transplant procedure involves removing the diseased or damaged tissue, then replacing it with the donor tissue. The entire operation is done under a surgical microscope. After taking measurements of the amount of tissue to be removed, the diseased corneal is cut and lifted away from the eye with a special round tool that works much like a cookie cutter called a trephine. Once the damaged tissue is removed, the donor cornea is cut to a matching size and placed on the patient’s eye. It is held in place with very fine stitches using suture material that is about as thin as a hair.

If there is also a cataract present, this can be removed at the same time and replaced with an intraocular lens.

At the conclusion of the corneal transplant procedure, a patch and a metal shield are place over the eye to protect it.

How long does the surgery take?

The operation usually lasts between 1 and 2 hours.

Where will the procedure be performed?

The procedure is performed in an operating room of a hospital.

How much pain is there?

The surgery is painless due to the administration of a local anesthetic at the beginning. Some patients may be given general anesthesia, particularly if their overall medical condition is in question. Most pain medicine should be able to control any residual pain present during the recovery period.

What can I expect after the procedure?

If the procedure is performed under local anesthesia, you can go home after a short stay in the recovery area. You will need someone to drive you home. The use of general anesthesia will delay your leaving by about two additional hours, to make sure the effects are wearing off.

After the procedure it is important to use the eye drops as prescribed, to not rub or press on the eye, to use over-the-counter pain medication, reduce exercise until healed, use the eye shields and patches as direct by your doctor, and not to drive until given approval.

What is the recovery period like?

The recovery period for corneal transplants is rather long. The stitches will remain in the eye for six to twelve months after the surgery. Eye drops will have to be used while the stitches are in place to assure proper healing.

An extremely important part of the recovery period is constant vigilance as to signs of rejection. Rejection occurs in 5-30% of all transplants and there is an increased risk if this operation is a second transplant after rejection of an initial one. If the rejection is noticed early, medication can be administered that will halt the reaction and save the transplant. Rejection occurs because the body’s immune system recognizes the donor tissue as foreign and mounts a response against it. This damages the tissue such that it can no longer maintain the fluid balance, causing it to swell and lose clarity. Although the tissue will not fall out of the eye upon rejection, another transplant may be necessary to replace the tissue if too much damage occurs.

There are four signs of rejection that can be remembered by the mnemonic RSVP: redness, sensitivity to light, decreased vision, or pain. Any of these four symptoms, experienced after the initial healing period, should be reported to your ophthalmologist immediately.

What is the long-term outcome like for most people?

Vision will return slowly after the operation, with final improvements seen as far out as a year after it is performed. If there are no other conditions to complicate the recovery, the chances for greatly improved vision as compared to before the surgery are very good. Often lenses are necessary to correct astigmatism (irregular curvature) of the transplanted tissue, but these problems are minor compared to the vision issues present with the damaged cornea. The final result statistics are highly dependent on the cause of the damage to the original cornea — with rates around 90-95% success treating corneal diseases such as keratonconus, and much lower rates for other problems, in the range of 5%-10% with lye burns.

However, even for persons suffering from chemical burns there is hope. A new technique has been developed that involves the transplantation of stem cells from a donor to grow a new surface over the removed damage cells. Then a standard transplant is done. This modification has greatly improved results for persons suffering from chemical damage.

The greatest threat to satisfactory long-term vision is rejection of the corneal transplant. Rejection is most common during the first year after the procedure but can occ
ur at any time after the transplant, even years later. However, if a patient carefully watches for the signs of rejection, many reactions can be controlled with medication. In very rare cases, the disease that affected the original tissue will reoccur in the transplanted cornea.

Ideal Candidate

Corneal damage from many different sources can be treated with a transplant. Some examples of conditions that can result in a transplant are

* corneal failure after other eye surgery

* keratoconus — a disease involving abnormal curvature of the cornea

* inherited corneal diseases

* scarring after infections — particularly herpes

* rejection of a first transplant

* scarring after a physical injury

Whatever the source of the damage, an ideal candidate has explored pharmaceutical treatments to these problems and they have been eliminated in their case. The vision from the diseased cornea should be so affected as to justify the risks inherent in a transplant procedure.

Other important information

Research is currently being conducted into an oral vaccine that appears to significantly reduce the amount of rejection of corneal transplants. Although this work was done in mice, it is being attempted in humans and might be something you would want to discuss with your ophthalmologist, particularly if this transplant is following up an earlier rejection.

Risks and Limitations:

The greatest risk with corneal transplants is rejection, although this can be treated with immunosuppressive medicine if caught in the early stages. Other risks that are much less prevalent but do occur are infection, bleeding, swelling or detachment of the retina, or glaucoma. All of these medical complications can be treated. Another type of problem that can happen with the transplant is an irregular curvature (astigmatism) that can slow the development of clear vision. This can be treated with Rigid contact lenses.

Corneal transplants are most successful if the damaged cornea is the sole vision problem in the eye. If other damage is present, particularly if due to a continuing condition, such as diabetes, vision can remain compromised even after the transplant. However, if the vision quality is improved, it may make sense to undergo the transplant despite the knowledge that the resulting vision will not be perfect.

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Macula off retinal detachment with an epiretinal membrane discovered while repairing the RD. Peeled ERM under PFO over detached retina.
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Beware of staredowns. They are likelier to be initiated by controlling people. A study published in Psychological Science asked 40 volunteers (half men, half women) to look at 90 images of happy, angry or neutral-looking faces. When the images disappeared, the volunteers with the most controlling personalities spent more time looking where the angry faces had been. Supposedly, dominant people reflectively maintain eye contact when confronted with social aggression. This automatic preparedness for a staring contest can be traced back to the animal kingdom when a break in eye contact meant vulnerability. Maybe intimidation needs to be spelled with only 2 “eyes”.

Men’s fingers usually indicate if they’re married or single. However, the Web site Rent did a 2011 survey of single males that might show why some are still single. For example, 47% pay a mortgage, 39% rent and 14% live with family or friends. In fact, 46% of adult, single men under age 25 live rent-free. Regarding the conventional wisdom that housing costs should be about 25% of a monthly budget, 38% spent 25%-50% and 7% spent more than 50%. Finally, an impressive 87% claimed to clean their own apartment; but 5% relied on mom. Perhaps this survey is a description of “single-mindedness”.

Men’s fingers also indicate how handsome they are. That’s according to a study done at the University of Geneva. The relationship is a ratio called “2D:4D” because it compares the  length of the second digit (index finger) on the right hand with the fourth digit (ring finger). It seems the more testosterone males are exposed to as fetuses, the more the fourth digit grows and the more attractive the face becomes. To test the theory 49 female college students judged pictures of 49 male college students. The males with higher 2D:4D ratios were “fingered” as more attractive.

Finally, there’s a new phenomenon in relationships – “grandpuppies”. Evolutionary biologists say the relationship between humans and dogs dates back at least 14,000 years. Dogs have gone from protector, to hunter, to companion. Because women in the 21st century are waiting longer to have children, dogs are now filling the family roles of both child and grandchild. Some grandpuppies have Facebook pages. Others have Skype visits with their grandparents. Retailers are selling t-shirts, dog bowls, note cards, mouse pads and coffee cups with grandpuppy images on them. It seems the grandparents of grandpuppies can be “dogged” in their devotion.

 

Glaucoma is increased pressure within the eye.  Cells inside the eye produce a clear fluid (“aqueous humor”) that maintains the eye’s shape and nourishes the tissues inside the eye. The balance of fluid production and drainage is responsible for maintaining normal pressure within the eye. In glaucoma, the drain becomes clogged, but the eye continue producing fluid, resulting in increase eye pressure, which can actually can cause the eye to stretch and enlarge, in addition to blinding the eye. Glaucoma is not limited to humans – it can affect your pets, too!

Glaucoma is classified as either primary or secondary in animals.  Primary Glaucoma is an inherited condition, occurring breeds ranging from American Cocker Spaniels and Basset Hounds to Chow Chows, Shar Peis, Labrador Retrievers, and Arctic Circle breeds (Huskies, Elkhounds, etc). Touhg it is rare in cats, it can occur and is usually secondary to chronic uveitis. Primary Glaucoma generally begins in one eye, but in most pets, it eventually involves both eyes, leading to complete blindness. Secondary Glaucoma occurs when other eye diseases cause decreased fluid drainage. Common causes of secondary glaucoma are inflammation inside the eye (uveitis), advanced cataracts, eye cancer and chronic retinal detachment.

Determining if your pet has primary or secondary glaucoma is important, as both the treatment and prognosis vary for each type. (Many pet insurance policies cover the tests and specialists needed to evaluate your pet, so consult your provider.) Veterinary ophthalmologists use slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and gonioscopy to determine the type and cause of glaucoma in your pet. Gonioscopy can help to determine how predisposed your pet’s remaining visual eye is to develop glaucoma when primary glaucoma is suspected. This test involves placing a special contact lens on the eye, allowing examination of the drainage; it is usually performed under sedation or anesthesia.

Glaucoma can affect the eye(s) of your pet(s) in the following ways:

Vision Loss - Pressure damage to the optic nerve and decreased blood flow to the retina, the “film in the camera,” results in loss of vision. However, if the eye pressure remains uncontrolled, the retina degenerates and vision is permanently lost. Permanent blindness can occur within several hours if the pressure is very high and the glaucoma develops rapidly; Unfortunately, the first eye to develop primary glaucoma in dogs is usually already blind by the time the disease is recognized. For this reason, treatment in these cases is directed at relieving discomfort in the blind eye and preventing or delaying glaucoma development in the other eye. Gonioscopy of the remaining visual eye helps determine how to treat this eye; Pain – Increased intraocular pressure is painful. Dogs, cats (and even human) have normal intraocular pressures between 10-20 mmHg. Glaucoma often results in pressures 45-65 mmHg in dogs and cats, which is significantly higher than in humans with glaucoma, making it much more painful for your pet. The pain persists in the form of a constant headache or migraine. This discomfort can result in lethargy, irritability, or decreased appetite, but is often unapparent to the owner, so be observant!

The only way to ascertain if your pet is suffering from glaucoma is to have the intraocular pressures measured by a veterinarian. Signs of glaucoma can include a red or bloodshot eye and/or cloudy cornea. Vision loss is also characteristic of glaucoma. However, loss of vision in one eye is often not obvious because animals compensate with their remaining eye. Eventually, the increased pressure will cause the eye to stretch and become enlarged. Unfortunately, eyes are usually permanently blind by the time they become enlarged. If your dog has lost one eye to primary glaucoma and the other eye is at risk of developing glaucoma: The average timeframe for another attack to occur in the remaining eye is 8 months; preventative medical therapy for the “good” eye delays the onset of glaucoma by almost 23 months.

Since glaucoma occurs because fluid is not draining from the eye fast enough, the logical treatment is to open up the drain, however, opening – and keeping open – the drain is difficult. Therefore, many glaucoma therapies are also aimed at decreasing fluid production by the eye.

Medical Therapy – While there are various eye drops and pills that help decrease fluid production or increase fluid drainage from your pet’s eye, they rarely control glaucoma long-term. Consequently, they are used mostly to help prevent/delay glaucoma’s onset in the remaining visual eye and as temporary treatment until surgery can be performed in the affected eye.

Surgical Therapy – The type of surgical procedures available for glaucoma depends upon whether the eye still has the potential for vision. For visual eyes, intraocular pressure can be reduced by performing a cycloablation procedure and a drainage implant procedure. For permanently blind eyes, the eye can be removed with the option of placing a sterile prosthetic ball implant in the eye socket prior to skin closure, an implant placed inside the eye giving your pet a partially artificial eye, or an injection into the eye that kills the fluid-producing cells and reduces the pressure.

The best procedure for your pet depends on the type of glaucoma, the potential for vision, and your preference for the cosmetic appearance of your pet’s face. The key to having the best chance of preserving vision is early detection and regular ophthalmic examinations.

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Laser Surgery Eyes procedure is considered one of the most used procedures in the correction of eye diseases. As medical physicians specialize in the harmless utilization of laser to reshape rapidly the cornea in the eyes, wearing of correction glasses or contact lenses are not needed anymore by several patients. Patients who suffered near-sightedness are mostly engrossed in laser eye operation. Plenty of people have worn correction glasses since their elementary grades.

A minute amount of cornea is detached during laser eye operation, which transforms the manner that brightness penetrates the eye. The translucent covering which is in the frontage of the iris and the pupil is called the cornea. When light penetrates the eye, it passes in the cornea, then to the pupil, into the lens and lastly it passes in the retina which is found in back portion of the eye. The optic nerve of the brain which is connected into the retina translates light into electrical arousing which is interpreted by the brain as the objects that we see. The eyes are the most complex organ in the human body.

Over the six decades, there is an increase of around twenty eighty percent of the populace who wear correction eyeglasses and contact lenses in the correcting their visions. The biggest addition in the drift somewhat follows the tendency the daily utilization of home and office computers. With major improvements in technology, many medical advances also appeared which made the permanent correction of visions of many people. Around seventy percent of people who selected laser eye operation resulted in a 20/20 vision. Some of the patients still have to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses for excellent, close vision. Laser eye operation was happily accepted because people will no longer wear correction glasses or contact lenses.

Laser surgery of the eyes was developed twenty five years ago. There are various diverse procedures in doing the micro-surgery. Not everyone is qualified to have eye surgery, it is the only the eye doctor who could decide if somebody is fit to be operated through Laser Surgery Eyes. The operation will take around fifteen minutes. The interested candidate for surgery must have to undergo various tests prior to operation; this is done to determine if the operation will benefit the patient and to actually make take some pictures of the eyes to be used as guide for the laser. The commonly used and the least painful operation is the LASIK which means Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis. In this surgical treatment, a partial cut is made in the clear coating in the front portion of the eyes in order to make a flap which is folded backwards while the reshaping of the cornea is being done. To minimize the pain due to surgery; the cornea is replaced by the flap there are no stitches needed because the flap clings back to its place by itself. The patient feels nothing during Laser Surgery Eyes because of the application of anesthetic drops in the eyes before doing the operation.