The Human Biology in Medical Field

Archive for the ‘Retina Disease’ Category

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The Best Wrinkle Creams Contain No Petrochemicals or Synthetic Ingredients and to identify the best anti wrinkle solution is not complex if you know the benefits of many different ingredients present in many anti wrinkle solutions.  Petrochemicals are by-products created when petroleum is distilled and converted to gasoline.  They are very cheap and readily available.  Since they contain carbon, all kinds of molecules can be created from them.

The bottom line is you don’t want any product that causes allergic or adverse reactions.

Vitamin A is known to be essential for good skin. Retin-A or trans-retinoic acid is an effective anti wrinkle cream as per dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons. However, it is known to cause adverse reactions like redness, irritation and itching.

It is also suggested to cause cellular mutation therefore; it is not worth taking the risk. A reason for this could be petrochemical use in laboratories since the compound has acidic nature. In trans-retinoic natural vegetable form, Vitamin A is non-acidic.

Researchers have shown that plant extracts containing the naturally occurring form of vitamin A are just as effective as Retin-A.  But, there is no risk of side effects.

Avocado oil is an ingredient used by cosmetic manufactures for its rich Vitamin A content. It is scientifically proven to stimulate collagen production and is suggested to be used at night to maximise the effect of the anti aging cream.

Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins in mammal and serves as a major component of endomysium; the fine connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle fiber.

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Article by Jacob Samual

Today, being 60 or 70 years old does not necessarily mean that one is effectively retired from all the good and bad things that are possible in life. Being in the best of sexual health is not only considered an important part of life today, but is a basic need. Earlier, for most men, the age of 40 marked the end of life expectancy. But, with the help of modern medicine, as their life expectancy increased, so did their expectations, which culminated in the beginning of the term lifestyle medication. Earlier these lifestyle medicines were basically drugs for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But these lifestyle drugs have left these traditional indications far behind.

Erectile dysfunction is one such new indication that is defined as the inability to ensure or sustain an erection for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Erectile dysfunction is a very common problem especially in older men. All over the world more than 190 million men suffer from it Most will never go a doctor for it. And those that do go to a doctor less than half will actually use a drug for erectile dysfunction. Earlier erectile dysfunction was not considered to be a lifestyle indication for which drugs could be prescribed. All that changed in 1998. In 1998 Pfizer launched Viagra, an oral tablet formulation that was easy to use and very convenient to carry. It contains the drug “Sildenafil Citrate” which is responsible for inhibiting the enzyme PDE-5 which essentially degrades cGMP(cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate) which is responsible for the production of the vasodilator “Nitric Oxide”. It is Nitric Oxide that leads to the dilatation of the blood vessels that supply blood to the penis. An erection thus happens due to hydraulic pressure.

Though Viagra works in less than 15 minutes, it only lasts for 4 hours. If one has to have intercourse after 4 hours, they would have to take another pill. And wait for atleast 30 minutes before one is sure that it works. Not only that, Viagra has to taken ideally on a empty stomach. If taken with food, it becomes extremely difficult to get an erection. not only that Viagra is associated with numerous side-effects such a bluish tinge in the eyes, nausea, vomiting, etc.

In 2003 Lilly ICOS launched Cialis a new drug to treat erectile dysfunction. Cialis contains Tadalafil, which is a drug that inhibits just like Viagra the enzyme PDE-5. Only Cialis is much more potent and works very effectively in men with erectile dysfunction. The biggest advantage of Cialis is its duration of action – 36 hours. No wonder it is called as “Le Weekend pill. One can have sex at any time during this period and more than once also.

Cialis does not have some of the side-effects of Viagra such as the bluish discoloration in the eyes, etc. Treatment with Cialis can cause muscle cramps and nothing other than that. Cialis also acts very fast – within 30 minutes and last for a long long time -36 hours.

Today Cialis is available everywhere – even on the internet. One just has to go to the Cialis online site, fill a short form with one’s health related details and an online Cialis prescription is generated. With this online prescription one can easily buy cheap Cialis.. It is better not to buy Cialis from the neighbourhood pharmacy as there are some excellent discounts on buying Cialis online. If one goes for generic Cialis, it is just as effacious at a fraction of the cost of the original. This greatly reduces the cost of buying medications.

Today, Sam loves to brag about his sexual prowess to all his friends. Earlier he was almost impotent and it was only when he consulted a doctor and was prescribed Cialis.was he able to get rid of his erectile dysfunction. Today Sam’s wife is very happy. Why should this be astonishing? -because Sam is 69 years old.

You too can benefit from Cialis like Sam. If you are a man with erectile dysfunction and reading this do not wait go for the ideal drug – Go for Cialis and get the best of sexual health.

Please do not take Cialis if you are also taking or using any form of nitroglycerin, other nitrates such as isosorbide, nitroprusside or any “nitric oxide donor” medicine, or recreational drugs called “poppers” containing amyl or butyl nitrate because very serious interactions may occur. Do not take Cialis, if you are taking certain alpha-blocker medicines such as alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, or terazosin.

Additional monitoring of your dose or condition may be needed if you are taking any other medicine for erectile dysfunction; certain antifungal medicines such as itraconazole or ketoconazole; macrolide antibiotics such as clarithromycin or erythromycin; medicine for high blood pressure; or Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir or indinavir.

Inform your doctor of any other medical conditions including penis problems, history of painful or prolonged erection, any heart problems, kidney problems, stomach ulcers; bleeding problems, blood cell problems such as sickle cell anemia, leukemia, or myeloma, eye diseases, especially retina diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa; uncontrolled high blood pressure; or allergies.

Cialis is not recommended if you have a history of angina or chest pain, heart attack, stroke, low blood pressure, severe liver problems, or if you have been told by your doctor not to have sexual activity because of certain health problems.

Remember to contact your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns before taking this medicine. More information on Cialis is available at Cialis.com.

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Article by J. Bradley

What is Viagra?

Viagra is a prescription medicine taken by mouth for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. ED is a condition where the penis does not harden and expand when a man is sexually excited, or when he cannot keep an erection. Viagra may help a man with ED get and keep an erection when he is sexually excited. Viagra must be used only under a doctor’s care.

Viagra does not:

cure ED

increase a man’s sexual desire

protect a man or his partner from sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Speak to your healthcare professional about ways to guard against sexually transmitted diseases.

serve as a male form of birth control

Viagra is only for men with ED. Viagra is not for women or children. Viagra must be used only under a healthcare professional’s care.

Who Should Not Take Viagra?

Do not take Viagra if you:

take any medicines called “nitrates”

use recreational drugs called “poppers” like amyl nitrate and butyl nitrate

have been told by your healthcare professional to not have sexual activity because of health problems

What are The Risks?

The following are the major possible risks and side effects of Viagra therapy. This list is not complete.

Viagra can cause your blood pressure to drop suddenly to an unsafe level if it is taken with certain other medicines such as nitrates and alpha-blockers, and recreational drugs that contain nitrates called “poppers.” A sudden drop in your blood pressure could cause you to become dizzy, faint, or have a heart attack or stroke.

Tell all your healthcare professionals that you take Viagra. If you need emergency medical care for a heart problem, it will be important for your healthcare professionals to know when you last took Viagra.

Viagra may uncommonly cause:

an erection that won’t go away (priapism)

vision changes, such as seeing a blue tinge to objects or having difficulty telling the difference between the colors blue and green

Some common side effects with Viagra include:

headache

flushing

upset stomach

stuffy or runny nose

urinary tract infection

diarrhea

What Should I Tell My Healthcare Professional?

Tell your healthcare professional if you:

have or had heart problems

have low blood pressure or have high blood pressure that is not controlled

have had a stroke

have liver problems

have ever had severe vision loss

have kidney problems or require dialysis

have retinitis pigmentosa, a rare genetic (runs in families) eye disease

have stomach ulcers

have a bleeding problem

have a deformed penis shape or Peyronie’s disease

have had an erection that lasted more than 4 hours

have blood cell problems such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia

are taking a medicine called a protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV

are taking medicines called alpha blockers (alpha blockers are sometimes prescribed for prostate problems or high blood pressure)

Can Other Medicines or Food Affect Viagra?

Viagra and certain other medicines can interact with each other. Tell your healthcare professional about all the medicines you take including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them with you to show your healthcare professional.

Viagra FDA Approved 1998Patient Information Sheet Revised 07/2005Source: http://www.fda.gov

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Article by Michelle Bob

If a man can not get erection when he is sexually active or can not maintain erection sufficient for his or his partner’s pleasure during sexual intercourse, then he is said to be impotent, which is medically referred to as erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is prevalent among men of all ages and health experts believe that men face this sexual abnormality in some point of their sexual life.

The most common cause of ED is damage to the tissues, nerves, arteries, muscles or fibrous tissue. Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, chronic alcoholism, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease account for around 70% of cases of ED. ED is also a side effect of some common medications, including blood pressure drugs, antihistamiines, antidepressants and tranquilizers. According to health experts, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, guilt, depression, low self-esteem, and fear of sexual failure cause up to 20% of cases. Smoking has also been linked to ED.

ED is primarily associated with the natural process of aging. Nevertheless, impotence is not inevitable with age. Clinical studies suggest that men of any age can be affected by this problem. ED is treatable at any age, and awareness of this fact has been growing. More men have been seeking help and returning to normal sexual activity because of improved, successful treatments for ED.

Various options for the treatment of ED are available today. Psychotherapy is prescribed by doctors for patients who are likely to benefit, but alternative treatment includes drugs, vacuum devices, and surgery.

Several anti-ED drugs namely Viagra, Levitra and Cialis are available in the market today, which are helping men overcome the problems associated with ED. Due to costlier nature of brand name drugs, people nowadays prefer buying Generic Cialis, which is chemically similar to branded Cialis and much cheaper than Viagra and Levitra. Generic Cialis comes under the class of drug called Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and works by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes smooth muscles in the penis during sexual stimulation, and allows more blood flow into the penis for an easy erection.

Generic Cialis should be taken with or without food at least 30-60 minutes before sexual intercourse. It remains in effect for as long as 36 hours and need a little sexual stimulation. A through medical check-up is necessary before taking Generic Cialis. It is not prescribed if a man has suffered a heart attack or stroke within the last six months, nor to the patients with low blood pressure, high blood pressure, unstable angina, severe liver impairment, or retinitis pigmentosa.

Use of Generic Cialis can cause some side effects like headache, indigestion, back pain, muscle aches, flushing, and stuffy or runny nose and in rare cases vision impairment. These side effects tend to be mild and usually do not require the treatment to be stopped, but if the intensity of side effects seems severe you need to visit a doctor as early as possible.

You can order cheap Generic Cialis or any other anti-ED drugs online. By doing so you can protect your privacy and the drug can be delivered at your doorsteps confidentially.

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Article by John Peter

Though erectile dysfunction (ED) is not a life-threatening disease its impact on men can be more severe than any other physical ailments as men with ED cannot achieve or maintain erection of penis sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. So the impact is more insidious than physical diseases because there is always a sense of guilt and embarrassment attached with ED patients as they fail repeatedly to satisfy the sexual needs of their partners.The most common cause of ED is damage to the tissues, nerves, arteries, muscles or fibrous tissue. Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, chronic alcoholism, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease account for around 70% of cases of ED. Apart from this, common medications for blood pressure, antihistamines, antidepressants, tranquilizers and appetite suppressants may bring ED as a side effect. According to health experts, psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, guilt, depression, low self-esteem, and fear of sexual failure cause up to 20% of cases.Generally, ED seems part and parcel of the natural process of aging, but according to clinical studies, it is not an inevitable package for the older people alone, men of any age can face this problem at some point of their sexual life. Most men feel embarrassed to take medication for this ailment but several medicines are available now.Cialis is the most common oral medication for ED. It is available in both the branded and generic forms. Due to costlier nature of brand name drugs, people nowadays prefer buying Generic Cialis, which is chemically similar to branded Cialis and much cheaper than branded Cialis or any other anti-ED drugs like Viagra and Levitra. Cialis comes under the class of drug called Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and works by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes smooth muscles in the penis during sexual stimulation, and allows more blood flow into the penis for an easy erection.Generic Cialis should be taken with or without food at least 30-60 minutes before sexual intercourse. It remains in effect for as long as 36 hours and need a little sexual stimulation. A through medical check-up is necessary before taking Generic Cialis. It is not prescribed if a man has suffered a heart attack or stroke within the last six months, nor to the patients with low blood pressure, high blood pressure, unstable angina, severe liver impairment, or retinitis pigmentosa.Use of Generic Cialis can cause some side effects like headache, indigestion, back pain, muscle aches, flushing, and stuffy or runny nose and in rare cases vision impairment. These side effects tend to be mild and usually do not require the treatment to be stopped, but if the intensity of side effects seems severe you need to visit a doctor as early as possible.So if you are being restrained from treating your condition due to the expensive nature of the branded anti-drugs give it a second thought. Because there is nothing currently available on the market today that last as long as generic Cialis and as flat out cheap without having to compromise with the quality. You can order cheap generic Cialis online. By doing so you can not only protect your privacy but the drug will also be delivered at your doorsteps confidentially.You can save a lot of money by buying generic Cialis online in bulk as online pharmacies offer competitive price for their customers and provide a great customer service. They also offer free prescription and worldwide shipping on all orders.

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Article by Suzanne Ann

Pleasures of sexual relationship are derived only when both the partners contribute equally to the activity of having sex in complete harmony. Just because of this reason, men often tend to take the responsibility to heighten the levels of happiness, sexual pleasure and satisfaction during sexual performance. But in some cases problems like erectile dysfunction may interfere in the joyous action of love making. Actually, it is easier to handle any other problem than erectile dysfunction (ED) because they mainly affect an individual physically. But ED affects both the male and the female in physical and psychological way. A person with ED may encounter psychological problems like low self-esteem, sexual failure anxiety, misery, and stress, guilt, and relationship conflicts as they are unable to achieve and maintain erection of penis sufficient enough for his or his partner’s sexual satisfaction. A man may get ED due to various physical and psychological factors. Physical factors include damage to nerves, arteries, smooth muscles, fibrous tissues, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, kidney or liver disease, other vascular conditions, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol intake. Psychological problems include depression, marital stress, life crisis, financial difficulties, religious repression, or some type of mental illnesses.

But there is no point worrying about it as there are plenty of drugs available for the “>treatment of erectile dysfunction and cialis is one of them and has highly dominated the ED medication market. Cialis comes in both the branded and generic versions. Generic drug is a term use to refer the products that are chemically similar to branded drugs but are comparatively cheaper than cialis. Generic cialis is one of the most successful and trusted drug for fighting ED and rejuvenating sexual relationship. It performs its action just after 30 minutes of its consumption and helps male get proper erection to indulge in those naughtiest of bed games. Generic cialis is a class of drug called phosphodiesterase inhibitors and are sold in the market with different names like apcalis and tadalis. It is taken an hour before sexual intercourse. It enhances the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes smooth muscles in the penis during sexual stimulation, and allows increased blood flow into the penis thus making it erect. Generic cialis falls in the category of medications known as pde-5 inhibitors that are used to treat cases of male impotence. Before its launch, the safety and efficacy of generic cialis in the treatment of ED was evaluated through 22 clinical trials. But, generic cialis is not effective if you do not have erectile dysfunction and it does not work in the absence of arousal because it is not a hormone or an aphrodisiac. So, it is advisable that you and your partner should engage in foreplay after taking the drug.

The recommended dose is one 10 mg tablet before sexual activity. If the effect of this dose is too weak, your doctor may increase the dose to 20mg. Cialis tablets are for oral use. Swallow the tablet whole with some water. You may take cialis with or without food. You may take a cialis tablet from 30 minutes to 12 hours before sexual activity. The ability to have sexual activity improves up to 36 hours after taking cialis. Before taking cialis, tell your doctor about all your medical problems, including if you have heart problems such as angina, heart failure, irregular heartbeats, or have had a heart attack; have low blood pressure or high blood pressure; have had a stroke; have liver problems; have kidney problems; have retinitis pigmentosa, a rare genetic eye disease; have stomach ulcers; have a bleeding problem; have a deformed penis shape; have had an erection that lasted more than 4 hours or have blood cell problems such as sickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemia.

It is important to note that use of apcalis or tadalis [generic cialis] may bring undesirable effects like headache, indigestion, back pain, muscle aches, nasal congestion, facial flushing and dizziness. In rare cases these drugs may result swelling of the eyelids, eye pain and red eyes. Cialis and other medicines may affect each other. Tell your doctor if you take any of the following medicines including nitrates; alpha blockers (including Hytrin, flomax, cardura, minipress or uroxatral; ritonavir or indinavir; or other medicines or treatments for ED. If you have any of these side effects and they are troublesome you should seek urgent medical assistance.

Generic cialis has made the treatment of ED a simple and cheaper event. So you need not think two times prior to buying generic cialis. Opt for generic cialis because it doesn’t make your pocket go lighter and yes, go for it, but play safe.

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Introduction:

Previous evidence has suggested that the shaking of a relatively heavy head about the neck causes such inertial forces within the brain tissue that shearing takes place with rupture of meningeal vessels and diffuse axonal injury, resulting in subdural haemorrhage and neurological damage. The retinal haemorrhages are generally thought to be due to the same shearing mechanisms at work within the vitreoretinal interface. There is a correlation between intra-ocular bleeding, anterior optic nerve haemorrhage and subdural haematomas. When looking at the relative positions of subhyloid haemorrhages at post mortem, it was found that the frequency of position of these haemorrhages coincided with the areas of maximal vitreoretinal adhesion, that is the ora serrata and the optic disc.

Post mortem findings of vitreous traction at the apex of retinal folds and the edge of dome shaped haemorrhages and retinoschisis gives some supporting evidence that vitreous forces may cause this shearing damage.

There is no adequate model to test this experimentally, so this remains hypothesis, not established fact. In the situation of isolated intraocular haemorrhage with or without accompanying subdural haemorrhage there continues to be disagreement regarding the possibility of an accidental injury such as a short fall in the domestic setting being responsible for the clinical findings in the absence of other evidence to support non-accidental injury.

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists Working Party concluded in terms of the force required to cause retinal haemorrhages : “..no absolute values can be given for the angular acceleration forces required to produce injury but there is good evidence that they must be considerable..”

In 2003 ‘Brain haemorrhage in babies may not indicate violent abuse’ appeared as a headline in the BMJ following a not proven verdict in the case of a child minder accused of murder at the High Court in Edinburgh.

During this case research was presented which purportedly cast doubt that the injuries could only have been due to violent shaking.

Research:

Geddes and colleagues, in a series of papers presented their findings that the most common pathological finding was of brain swelling and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy with a significant number of cases having focal axonal damage in the lower brainstem rather than diffuse axonal injury as previously thought. They hypothesized that damage to the brainstem, by hyperextension–flexion (shaking) injury at the craniocervical junction may cause focal damage, resulting in apnoea, and a cascade leading to hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, brain swelling, raised intracranial pressure and death. (This has been referred to as the ‘unified hypothesis’.) They further suggested that hypoxia-related leakage of blood from veins both inside the dura and in the subdural space was the source of the subdural haemorrhage rather than traumatic rupture of bridging veins and that in the immature brain hypoxia alone is sufficient to activate the pathophysiological cascade which culminates in altered vascular permeability and extravasation of blood, so that the subdural and retinal haemorrhages were a secondary phenomenon and not due to shearing forces. This led to the conclusion that “..it may not be necessary to shake an infant very violently to produce stretch injury to the neuroaxis…”

These comments related to those difficult cases in which there was little or no external evidence of injury but there were retinal and thin film subdural haemorrhages.

Other researchers have similarly reported the finding of hypoxic ischaemic damage rather than diffuse axonal injury but have not drawn the same conclusions regarding the forces involved.

However in terms of ocular examination there is no description of the retinal haemorrhages, they were either present or absent and they do not mention whether the optic nerves were examined. In the first paper they comment that “…a discussion of the aetiology of retinal haemorrhages…is beyond the scope of this paper. Later in their third paper they discuss the possible cause of retinal haemorrhages;

“ ..retinal haemorrhages can be explained by rises in intracranial pressure and central venous pressure, with and without hypoxia; they are also seen in a proportion of normal infants at birth, as well as in premature babies . In the setting of inflicted infant head injury, it has never been proved that retinal bleeding is directly caused by shaking; rather, it is widely assumed that it results from the shearing forces of the injury, which simultaneously cause retinal and subdural bleeding and diffuse brain damage. However…most infant victims…show very little ..traumatic pathology in the brain, it is appropriate to re-evaluate this assumption….”

Geddes’ pathological findings add little new evidence to the knowledge of retinal haemorrhages in shaken baby syndrome. In evaluating the latter Professor Luthert, an ophthalmic pathologist reviewing the various theories of causation (shearing forces vs other rheological mechanisms), timing and nature of injury concluded:

“….I consider it premature to consider that the eyes are in some way an independent arbiter of mechanism or severity of injury…”

The Geddes publications drew much attention particularly from those involved in child protection because of there conclusions. Punt published a lengthy rebuttal the main thrust of the which suggested intrinsic flaws within the research and a lack of evidence to support the unified hypothesis.

Geddes recently replied to Punt seeking to clarify their hypothesis explaining that whilst some had severe corticospinal pathology a few had strikingly little axonal damage:

“…In other words, in terms of numbers of axons injured, such an injury was trivial and totally survivable. What was not trivial was the child’s response to that injury…we do not know the minimum force needed to stretch the neuroaxis…..” .

Yet again they extrapolate this time from the fact that only a few nerve fibres may need to be damaged means only minimal force may be required to cause this small amount of damage but that the response was catastrophic, and that the damage to a small number of axons would be in itself survivable. This sounds plausible and intuitive, but just because only a few nerve fibres are damaged (and in some cases no obvious axonal damage in this area was found) does not prove that it does not require much force to cause this damage. It would seem that it is not that in terms of the number of axons damaged that determines that it is a trivial injury and survivable but it is the location of that damage.

The main scientific finding of Geddes in the first two papers was that in cases of retinal haemorrhages with thin film subdurals and in the absence of other injuries that the pathological finding is more commonly that of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy rather than diffuse axonal injury. This seems to have been lost in the subsequent arguments over the forces required to produce these findings.

Conclusion:

The cause of retinal haemorrhages, including the biomechanics of vitreo-retinal traction, raised intracranial pressure, changes in vascular permeability all remain unproven hypothesis as does the suggested mechanism of haemorrhage from Geddes. We are trying to make informed decisions on the basis of necessarily incomplete observational data, using inadequate mathematical, anthropomorphic and animal models which do not reflect the true nature of the normal infant nor the forces involved in shaking. The minimum forces required to cause such haemorrhage are not known and given that previous assumptions have been based on calculations relating to the generation of diffuse axonal injury, the use of the finding of retinal haemorrhages in isolation as a surrogate measure for the forces involved becomes dubious.

Regardless of the recent debate the observational evidence to date remains that children with non accidental injury may have no visible retinal haemorrhages, whilst non accidental injury and birth are the only circumstances in which multiple retinal haemorrhages in differing layers of the retina have been accurately documented.

This small albeit difficult group should not divert us from a willingness to evaluate the literature critically, participate in reasoned debate and in further research and certainly not detract from the main message… DON’T SHAKE THE BABY!

As a postscript, I would urge any lawyer who has a client who is facing accusations of child abuse, particularly those involving SBS, to instruct an experienced expert witness who can deliver an unbiased, objective report and, where appropriate, oral testimony. As can be seen from this article, the issues involved are extremely complex and are not without opposing views.

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Article by M. Tony Jones

Before consulting with a Viagra doctor either online or locally, it is wise to educate yourself about the drug so as to know what to ask and how to answer.

In view of the serious side effects of Viagra for heart patients, your Viagra doctor will likely be very cautious if you suffer from any heart condition.

Here is a safety checklist you can use before you have a consultation with your Viagra doctor and also a monitoring checklist if you need to provide him with feedback regarding side effects:

What You Should Know About Viagra Before The Consultation With A Viagra Doctor

Viagra is for men only to help combat impotence (also called erectile dysfunction)

Viagra does not in itself produce an erection. It does produce an erection when a man is sexually stimulated.

Viagra should be taken about 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity or a little longer if taken after a high fat meal.

Viagra comes in various doses, 25, 50, or 100 mg so your Viagra doctor may choose a lower dosage if you have other health related complications.

The most common side effects of Viagra are upset tummy, headaches, runny nose, facial flushes, and urinary tract infections.

Make sure your Viagra doctor knows you are taking any medication with a nitrate base as these can have a serious and potentially dangerous effect on blood pressure when used with Viagra.

Be sure to tell your Viagra doctor if you have had:

heart problemsa strokelow or high blood pressurestomach ulcersbleeding problemsickle cell anemia, multiple myeloma, or leukemiakidney problems or require dialysisliver problemssevere vision lossretinitis pigmentosa eye diseasea deformed penis shape or Peyronie’s diseasean erection that lasted more than 4 hours

Also inform your Viagra doctor if you are taking the following types of medication:

protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIValpha blockers (often used for prostate or high blood pressure problems)

Be Aware

Viagra is not for normal use. It should only be taken before sexual activity. In the event a mistake is made and an overdose is taken, be sure to inform your Viagra doctor immediately.

Viagra has been on the market with FDA approval since 1998. In the years since well documented evidence shows it can have a significant effect on helping men overcome erectile dysfunction.

However, while Viagra is generally quite safe for the majority of men who use it, for individuals with other ailments, especially heart related problems, a thorough consultation with a Viagra doctor is necessary to avoid potential life threatening consequences.

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The retina sits in the back of the eye and works as a light receptor, and is an important part of our vision.  The parts of the retina called the rods and cones are photosensitive cells that convert light into signals.  These signals are sent to the brain through the optic nerve.  Our best vision and color receptors are stationed in the center of the eye where the retina is located.  The eye is a very sensitive part of the body and there are many retina disorders and eye problems that can lead to blindness.

The highest cause for vision problems are retinal disorders.  These disorders interrupt messages sent to the brain, and in turn cause vision problems.  Retinal detachment is when the retina starts to come apart from its layer of support tissue.  If the detachment is found early, it can limit the vision problems, but if unnoticed, it can cause blindness.

Floaters are chunks of cells or pigment that float inside the eye.  These annoying visions can appear as floating dots or clouds that move past the eye.  Staring at a white background is one of the best ways to notice floaters.  What is actually being seen is the shadow of the substance that is actually floating inside the eye.

Macular degeneration is damage to the retina that causes vision loss in the center of the eye due to the damage it causes.  This disorder is normally prevalent in older adults.  Macular degeneration has a beginning characteristic of yellow deposits known as Drusen in the Macula or center of the retina.  If untreated, macular degeneration will cause permanent vision loss, but with treatment the loss can be ceased.

Any thoughts you may have, or issues you may be facing involving the eyes should be checked out by your local optometrist.  They are experts that can diagnose and treat any condition you may have.  The eyes are not something to mess with, and any problems should be checked out as soon as possible to avoid any further damage or blindness.

For more information search laser vision San Diegoor www.globallaservision.com

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Article by Daphne Greene

Basketball players are sequoia people. Football players are triceratops and soccer players are gazelles. Baseball players have rifles extending from their shoulders. While you do have to work hard to join the ranks of professional athletes, the truth of the matter is that you have to be born lucky first.

The poker table is not so selective. There is no shape that the poker player must first fill to succeed. All types of people afflicted with conditions from manic depression to blindness have found themselves ahead at the poker table in major competition. Here are four of their stories.

Hal LubarskyHal Lubarsky was born in Brooklyn, New York with a time bomb in his eyes. Hal was born with a genetic disorder called retinitis pigmentosa which causes the gradual deterioration of the retinas and eventually, complete blindness. Like most boys born in Brooklyn, Hal played poker. But unlike the other boys, Hal made money – Hal made a lot of money. In fact, at the age of 29, Hal moved to Las Vegas and became a professional poker player. He would find tremendous success playing in the 0/0 H.O.R.S.E. games and became a fixture at many of the other top games in Las Vegas.

Then, in the late 90s, the genetic disorder which had remained relatively dormant, caught fire. Within six months of noticing a tunneling in his vision, Hal was asking dealers to read the cards on the board to him. Finally, by 2000, Hal was no longer able to read his own cards.

Hal battled with depression as he struggled to find a way back into the world he loved. He tried internet games with friends present to announce both the community cards and his own hole cards. But Hal found the action to be too high-paced especially with the demands placed on his readers. So after a lifetime and career in poker, Hal was unable to see a future in cards.

Then came a breakthrough. After experimenting with live aids, or “card-callers”, Hal Lubarsky finagled his way into the 2007 WSOP Main Event. While just about every other player showed up with the ,000 buy-in and was given a seat, Hal was forced to dangle discrimination litigation over reticent tournament officials.

Officials relented and allowed Lubarsky to enter along with a card caller who would whisper Hal’s cards into his ear as well as announce the board. 6,358 players entered the same tournament Hal did. This field included the most successful and celebrated players in the world and represented the second largest tournament in history. To win the 2007 WSOP Main Event would take almost a week of playing poker for more than 12 hours per day, to make the money one would have to outlast more than 5,500 other players and finish in the top 621.Hal did not win the 2007 WSOP Main Event – amateur player and psychologist Jerry Yang took home the .25 million first prize. At 5:17 pm on July 13, 2007 Hal Lubarsky lost the last of his chips in the 2007 WSOP Main Event. But Hal finished in 196th place and took home more than ,000. He outlasted poker greats Doyle Brunson, Phil Hellmuth and Johnny Chan along with 6,162 other players. Hal is now playing regularly in high stakes games in Las Vegas once again.

Dutch BoydBy all accounts, Russ “Dutch” Boyd is a genius. Dutch was born in 1980 and began attending college at 12 years old. By 18, he had graduated law school and by the age of 20 he had co-founded one of the first online poker rooms, PokerSpot. Dutch is also a diagnosed and medicated manic depressive.

After an ignoble end to PokerSpot, Dutch spearheaded a group of young poker players calling themselves “The Crew”. This group includes pros Scott Fischman, David Smyth, Tony Lazar, Brett Jungblut and has accounted for 4 WSOP bracelets and 2 WPT championships to date. They burst onto the scene in the 2003 WSOP on the heels of Dutch’s 12th place finish in the Main Event (and if it weren’t for an unbelievable call by Chris Moneymaker, he could have finished much higher.) He followed that impressive performance up by finishing 2nd to TJ Cloutier in the 2004 WSOP Razz tournament and eventually winning a coveted WSOP bracelet in 2006. Along the way, he struggled with his sanity.

Boyd would hole up in his home for days on end, sure that external forces were threatening his life. As is the case with most people afflicted with the mental disorder, Dutch had a lot of good days and would hit the poker tables when he was able.

But most days were not good days. Rather than face the public ridicule associated with being a “schizo”, Boyd hid his condition and became withdrawn. On those occasions when he would make public appearances, he often appeared frantic and weirdly enamored with bodily functions. He infamously interrupted a television interview with Mike Matusow to ask if “The Mouth” had ever drank his own urine… and then took a drink from a suspiciously colored Sprite bottle. Boyd’s game suffered and despite repeatedly buying into tournaments for as much ,000 a piece he wouldn’t make more than ,000 in a tournament for 3 years.

In 2006, Dutch Boyd publically acknowledged on his official website what many of those closest to him already knew, that he suffered from manic depression. That year, he would win his biggest tournament and 5,712 by coming in first at the WSOP Short Handed NL Hold’em tournament. He has since won more than 0,000 with his most recent victory coming in late November of 2007 at the WPT Bellagio Five Diamond Poker Classic. Despite his many ups and downs, Dutch is still only 27 years old.