The Human Biology in Medical Field

Archive for the ‘human biology’ Category

A recent study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, The Official Journal of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine on July 29 yesterday confirmed that obese men have a tendency to have lower sperm counts compared with normal-weight men.

This corresponds with previous studies which stated that men with obesity tend to have lower sperm counts, sperm quality is also lower.

In obese men, the sperm has a slower mobility and motility is less well when compared with men who are not obese. The relationship between obesity and quality of sperm are still unclear. However, the researchers suspect this is related to changes in testosterone and other reproductive hormones in men with obesity. In this research themselves, hormone levels were not influenced by body mass index, but by age.

Scientists have discovered a gene that may help explain the causes of mental illnesses.

An international team of scientists led by University of Edinburgh in collaboration with researchers from Aberdeen University, Queensland and North Carolina examine 2000 genes in psychiatric patients and compared with 2000healthy people.

The study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics found that ABCA13 gene is more frequently found in patients with mental illness than those who did not. Some of these ABCA13 genes were active in patients who have severe psychological conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Strongly suspected that these genes could regulate important part of the brain function that can not be described previously.

Douglas Blackwood, professor of psychiatric genetics at the University of Edinburgh say that this finding is a wonderful step in understanding the underlying causes of some common mental illnesses. This gene risk can be a sign of a new therapeutic direction to restore the mental health of patients who have psychiatric disorders.

The team also believe that genes may affect how the fat molecules are used in brain cells and further research will be focusing on it.

There are hundreds of sleep disorder that can strike all age groups, and almost all (95 percent) is undiagnosed sleep disorder. Sleep disorder is a disturbing sleep patterns. The sleep disorders include insomnia, difficult to maintain sleep, sleep at the wrong moment, excessive sleep, or abnormal behaviors associated with sleep.

Sleep disorders can be classified into 4 groups, e.g:

- Difficult Sleep (Insomnia)
Insomnia is a condition of difficult to sleep, difficult to maintain sleep, often waking when sleep, waking up too early. “It could be temporary, short-term (2-3 weeks), or chronic. Factors closely related to insomnia is a disease, depression, anxiety (anxiety), stress, trouble sleeping environment, caffeine, alcohol, heavy smokers, sleeping habits too early or spend time in bed when did not want to sleep. ”

- Easy Asleep (hypersomnia)
Sleep disturbance due to excessive called hypersomnia. This group included, among others sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nocturnal myoclonus, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and so on. If someone can not sleep, REM stage was not going to happen. And when he woke up, she felt tired. The main symptoms if drowsiness in the daytime.

Narcolepsy is a desire to sleep is not unbearable in the daytime, although nighttime sleep enough. “It can strike both men and women and young adults. While nocturnal myoclonus is a situation where there are periodic movements of the legs down while sleeping. This is related to excessive drowsiness during the day.”

- Parasomnia
It is behavior disorder during sleep, which usually occurs in children. The cause is usually nervous and psychic (traumatic). Which included in parasomnia are sleep terror and sleep walking. Sleep terror is suddenly wake up from sleep with fear, sweating, rapid heartbeat and confusion.

While sleep walking is walking while asleep and did not remember / realize concerned. Generally, attacking children aged 2-12 years. The reason could be due to organic brain syndrome, reactions to medications, or psychological causes.

- Sleep schedule disruption
Another sleep disorder is associated with a regular sleep schedule. For example when traveling to a different region’s time zone, or on shift workers. Which include, among others, sleep state misperception (the amount of sleep time is different than expected), natural short sleeper (sleeping less but without interference), sleep-wake syndrome irregular.

Most sleep disorders can not be avoided, but can be linked to health conditions, which could be more could have been avoided. For example, many OSA patients appears to have excess weight (overweight). “If the weight can be reduced, suffered sleep disturbance can be overcome. In fact, good sleep patterns is the best prevention. Sports and healthy diet also helps you to sleep quality,” explained Andreas.

If sleep disturbance is considered severe, treatment can be done with drugs, devices, surgery, or life therapy (behavior). In certain disorders, light therapy. But of course, the easiest way is to make lifestyle changes and increasing knowledge about sleep.

As a teenager, you might face many difficult things in some years. Some of the problems are easy to face but some are maybe difficult to handle. When you have your family around you, it would be easier to face many kinds of problem during your teenager time. On the other hand, you have to struggle very hard to face the problems when you don’t have family around you. If you can’t stand the problems and you finally choose drug to help you free from the problem, you had better stop consuming the dangerous drug start from today.

Your problems will not change to be easier when you consume drugs. Before it is hard to free from the addiction, you can start searching for treatment options that will make your life better. One popular treatment that most people choose to free from drug addiction is Holistic Drug Rehab program. This program becomes famous these days since it works different from the standard drug treatment programs. The program will not only clean your body from the drug but also touch your spiritual side. Thus, you will completely free from the drug inside and outside. You will find a spiritual counseling during the program when you can share what you feel with the expert. This unique approach will work more effectively since spiritual condition plays an important role in the treatment process. Another popular way to eliminate the addiction is Adolescent rehab program. This is a program that will force the patients to seek help for their addiction and provide education for them. This Adolescent Addiction Treatment program will identify the addiction well and when the treatment program ends, the patient will be monitored by the rehab center.

Today, many rehabilitation centers provide you with such treatments. You can surf the net to know more about the programs and how you can contact them to get treatment. Every treatment has different way of eliminating your addiction; therefore, you had better spend some times to check which program that totally suitable for you.

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Sexual activity is an important part in your life. By doing sexual intercourse with your partner, you will get much pleasure and ready to do your activities on the next day. When your body is healthy, it would be great to do sexual intercourse anytime. However, sexual activity will be a nightmare when you have problem with your vitality. Common problem that men face today is impotence. If you have this problem, you had better find a medication to get your vitality back. Nowadays, there are many pills that can help you free from the difficult situation.

One medication that you can rely on to eliminate the impotence is Kamagra. This medication is almost the same as viagra but this is the generic version. The emergence of this product helps many men free from their sexual problem through an effective way. kamagra is produced by reliable manufacturer that always accentuate product quality. Thus, Kamagra UK is totally safe to use. Kamagra comes in two forms, the tablet and the jelly one. One Kamagra tablet contains powerful ingredients that will make your sexual performance better. If you don’t like to swallow the 100mg Kamagra Tablets, the jelly can be a perfect choice for you since it would be easier to chew a jelly than swallow a tablet. When you take Kamagra tablet or jelly, you will feel the effects for four up to six hours.

To make Kamagra works effectively in your body, there are some things that you should know when taking this medication. First, you should take Kamagra with a glass of water but avoid alcoholic beverage. Second, make sure that you don’t eat fatty food before taking this medicine. If you obey the instructions, your Kamagra will work well and minimize the side effects. Because of its effectiveness, kamagra is a medication that you can choose to make your sexual life happier than before.

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Is it true that vaccines cause autism? Is it safe to spend a vaccine? Find the answers in the following articles.

Is Important infants immunized?
The vaccine will protect infants from a variety of serious and fatal diseases, such as diphtheria, measles, meningitis, polio, tetanus, and so on. If you feel rarely heard these diseases, it is because the vaccine program has been successfully performed.

Vaccine side effects dangerous
Each vaccine generally does have side effects, but minor or mild in nature. For example, pain and swelling at the former location of temporary injection.

There is also also cause fever vaccine. This occurs as a reaction to the provision of the attenuated bacteria. When the body is doing the process of formation of antibodies, usually the body temperature will rise. But some drug fever and a warm hug to ease your baby fussy.

Although rare, the vaccine can also cause allergies. Therefore, the vaccine is not usually given to children who have certain allergies. Consult with your doctor if your child has specific allergies before she was vaccinated.

Vaccines cause autism?
This is still a controversy. However, until now scientists have not been able to find scientific evidence of the link between vaccines and autism in children. Although the symptoms of autism often appear during the period the child received the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella), but experts think it’s just a coincidence. In fact, many autistic children do not even get the MMR vaccine.

Why are vaccines given too early?
Indeed there are several types of vaccines given to newborns. This step is a form of precaution against possible infection. After birth, the baby’s body has not had enough staying power to ward off various diseases and its complications. With vaccines, the baby’s body is prepared to recognize some specific diseases that may threaten her. If the vaccine be postponed until the baby is big enough, may be too late.

Can not be vaccinated if we maintain the good health of children?
Basically avoid immunization is not a good idea because children will vulnerable to infectious diseases. Although not life-threatening, but the resulting complications can endanger the child. For example, measles can cause inflammation of the brain.

For some children, such as those not vaccinated because of medical reasons or the body does not react to the vaccine, the only protection from the possibility of disease is immune from the people around him healthy. Moreover, vaccinated children who still may be exposed to the disease, let alone are not protected at all.

Researchers have identified 12 genetic variations associated with an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease commonly known as lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body’s natural immune system attack the body itself. This disease attacks the joints, skin and other organs. These disorders are often marked with a red mark resembling the appearance of butterflies on both cheeks.

The exact cause of this disease is unknown, but researchers have long suspected that genetic factors played a role. These allegations previously based on the fact that lupus are more common in certain ethnic populations than others. In addition, the disease tends to decrease in the family.

Genetic relationship and lupus

In the first study, from 2 separate studies published in Nature Genetics, researchers Vesela Gateva and his team of Genentech in South San Francisco compare the genetic signs of lupus in 1923 with 4329 healthy participants. They found that 5 genes associated with increased risk of lupus.

In the second study, Jian-Wen Han from Anhui Medical University in Anhui, China, comparing genetic markers of potential causes of lupus in 1047 patients with SLE with a comparison group of 1205 healthy adults.

The results of their study confirmed the truth of the 7 genes have been reported previously associated with lupus. In addition, they also identified 9 new genes associated with increased risk of lupus. Two of these genes are part of the 5 gene was found by the team Gateva. That way, has found 12 potential new genes as the cause of lupus.

“The presence of these genes, supported by environmental factors and lifestyle, such as sun, stress, hormones, cigarette smoke, and certain infections, are contributing to the presence of lupus,” said the researcher, as quoted by WebMD site.

The eagle recovers around a mark!

Many people are afraid of aging. You know, no matter how old you are, some parts of the body would still young, still a few weeks old, even a few days. This is because these organs to renew itself constantly. What is the process? Here’s the description for you.

Age liver: 5 months

Liver are well known for its ability to repair itself, it is because the heart’s blood supply is rich. That is, the heart can continue to work megeluarkan toxins from the body.

Maybe you wonder why heavy drinkers sometimes still can improve their heart. This is because the liver cells have only a life expectancy throughout the 150 days. “I can take 70% of heart patients through surgery and approximately 90% will grow back within 2 months,” explained David Lloyd, a consultant from Leicester heart surgery Royal Infirmary, was quoted as saying dailymail site.

However, in heavy drinkers, parenchymal cells (main cells of the heart) can experience severe damage that would eventually form a scar on the network (this condition known as cirrhosis). Thus, although the liver can repair themselves, damage is often permanent and fatal to the existence of cirrhosis.

Taste on the tongue Age: 10 days

According to Professor Damian Walmsley, a scientific advisor of the British Dental Association, the tongue is covered around 9000 feeling that helped detect sweet, salty, bitter or sour. Taste tongue in itself is a collection of cells on the surface of the tongue, each containing about 50 cells sensitive. This tongue taste will improve themselves every 10 days to 2 weeks.

However, all things that can cause inflammation, such as infection or smoking, can damage the tongue and taste disturb their ability to repair themselves, thus weakening taste sensitivity.

Age brain: Same as your age

According to consultant neurosurgeon from Barts and the London Hospital John Wadley, most of the cells that will last a lifetime found in the brain. “We are born with all the brain cells, approximately 100 billion and we will always have it because most of the brain not to regenerate. ”

In fact, you actually lose the cells, which is a cause of dementia and how injuries can be very dangerous head. However, the light Wadley, there are two parts of the brain regenerate, namely olfactory bulb (which is related to taste) and the hippocampus (learning areas).

Heart Age: 20 years

Previously, the heart can not believed to rejuvenate themselves. However, a study from New York Medical College found that the heart is equipped with stem cells that constantly rejuvenate themselves, at least 3 or 4 times throughout life.

Lung age: 2-3 weeks

According to Dr Keith Prowse, vice president of the British Lung Foundation, the cells in the lungs will renew ourselves constantly. However, the lung contains different cells that will update themselves with different speeds.

Alveoli or cells with an air bag (which is required for the exchange of oxygen and gas) experience a slow regeneration process, will take approximately 1 year. Cells are on the surface of the lungs must renew themselves every 2 or 3 weeks. “This is the first layer of defense lungs, so it should improve quickly,” said Prowse.

Swelling disease lungs (emphysema) can prevent the regeneration begins with damage due to the alveoli, which creates a permanent hole in the wall of the lung.

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After a while, eventually the team doctors found the donor liver. The problem that there is a difference between the blood of patients with blood group donors. Patients had blood group O rhesus negative, while donors have blood type O rhesus positive. There are differences between patients and rhesus donors. And note that if you want to perform organ transplants, should look really appropriate to minimize the donor organ rejection reactions in the body of the patient. But because there is no other option and the urgency of time, ultimately the transplant was done after the patient also was given drugs to suppress rejection reactions. Usually patients take about 5 years of taking these drugs.

Nine months after the transplant to take these drugs every day, the patient’s back pain and went to the doctor. But this time the patient is not sick because his liver, because after the examination by team doctors, the patient’s liver condition was fine. There’s something surprising in the discovery team of doctors, the patient’s blood type changed to O positive!! Of course this is very surprising in the medical world, so the team doctors again conducted inspections and examination of the patient’s blood type parents. It turns out it was true, the patient’s blood type has changed.

Team doctors and monitoring for five years. And after the patient is doing really fine, then a new team of doctors dare express to the medical community that the correct blood type a person can change.
This incident, not the first time in the world. Even in Indonesia alone in 2001 also had blood changes. A patient who had been suffering from anemia and need a blood transfusion, has blood type B. After a blood transfusion, the blood type changed to O. But later the patient died of the disease.

The incident allegedly blood changes due to changes in the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Like the case with the first patient, after undergoing liver transplant, the doctors suspected liver cells have been affected cells in the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
True or not a person’s blood type can be changed or not, it still requires a long research. If proved correct blood type can be changed, it is a remarkable discovery in the medical world. And very useful for medical science in the future.

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